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Traveling by air comes with many considerations, and baggage fees can significantly impact your overall travel budget. Airlines across the United States and Canada implement varying fee structures for checked luggage, with costs ranging from $0 to $100 for your first checked bag. Understanding these fees before booking your flight can help you avoid unexpected expenses and plan your packing strategy more effectively.

Major carriers like American Airlines charge different rates depending on your destination, with fees to Canada, Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and Guyana typically set at $35 for the first checked bag and $45 for the second. Other airlines follow similar tiered pricing models, though the specific amounts vary considerably between carriers. Many airlines also offer baggage fee calculators on their websites, such as United's tool, which allows travelers to determine their potential baggage costs before arriving at the airport.

At Southwest Airlines No More Bags Fly Free: Checked Baggage Fees by Airline

Understanding Checked Baggage Fees

Airline checked baggage fees vary significantly across carriers and can substantially impact your total travel costs. Most major U.S. airlines now charge for checked luggage, with fees typically ranging from $30-45 for the first bag and increasing for additional items.

General Guidelines

Checked baggage fees for most major U.S. airlines start around $30 for the first bag and $35-45 for the second bag on domestic flights. Some carriers like Southwest continue to offer two free checked bags per passenger, providing significant savings for travelers.

Additional bags beyond the second typically incur higher charges, often $100+ per item. Many airlines offer fee waivers for elite status members, military personnel, and travelers using co-branded credit cards.

Most checked bags must adhere to standard weight limits (usually 50 pounds) and size restrictions (typically 62 linear inches). Exceeding these limits can result in substantial overweight or oversized fees.

Factors Affecting Fees

Route and Destination: Baggage fees may vary based on your travel destination. International flights sometimes include free checked bags or have different fee structures than domestic routes.

Booking Class: Premium cabin passengers (business or first class) often receive free checked baggage allowances. Basic economy tickets may have more restrictive baggage policies or higher fees.

Timing of Payment: Many airlines offer discounts for prepaying baggage fees online during booking or check-in rather than at the airport. American Airlines, for example, charges $35 for the first bag if paid online versus $40 at the airport.

Seasonal Variations: Some airlines implement temporary baggage fee changes during peak travel periods or for specific seasonal routes.

Domestic Airlines

Baggage fees vary significantly among U.S. airlines, with costs ranging from $0 to $100 for a first checked bag. Many carriers have implemented tiered pricing structures based on when you pay, with online prepayment typically offering savings compared to airport check-in fees.

Major Domestic Carriers

American Airlines charges $40 for the first checked bag ($35 if paid online) and $45 for the second bag when traveling within the U.S., Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands. Each bag must not exceed 50 pounds and 62 linear inches.

United Airlines offers a bag fee calculator to help passengers determine costs based on specific routes and membership status. Basic Economy passengers typically pay more than those with regular Economy tickets.

Delta Air Lines charges $30-35 for the first checked bag and $40-45 for the second on domestic flights. Elite status members and airline credit cardholders often receive their first checked bag free across major carriers.

Southwest Airlines will begin charging customers a fee to check bags, abandoning a decades-long practice that executives had described last fall as key to differentiating the budget carrier from its rivals.

Regional Airlines

Regional carriers typically align their baggage policies with their major airline partners. When flying on carriers like Envoy, PSA, or SkyWest operating as American Eagle, United Express, or Delta Connection, the baggage fees match those of the major airline marketing the flight.

These airlines don't generally publish separate baggage policies, instead adopting the fee structure of their partner airlines. This simplifies the booking process for passengers connecting between major and regional carriers.

Some independent regional airlines may have their own policies. Cape Air, for example, allows free checked bags up to certain weight limits on most routes, which differs from major carrier practices.

Discount and Budget Airlines

Budget airlines often have higher baggage fees but lower base fares. Spirit Airlines charges $35-65 for the first checked bag, with prices varying based on when you pay and your route.

Frontier Airlines implements a similar structure with fees starting around $35 when purchased during booking. The airline charges substantially more if added later or at the airport.

Allegiant Air's fees vary by route but typically range from $25-35 when prepaid online. Southwest Airlines stands out as the only major discount carrier offering two free checked bags per passenger on all tickets, making it an economical choice for travelers with luggage.

JetBlue positions itself between traditional and budget carriers, charging $35 for the first checked bag and $45 for the second on most fares, though their higher-tier fares include checked bags.

International Airlines

International carriers have their own distinct baggage policies that vary significantly based on destination, ticket class, and frequent flyer status. These policies can impact travel budgets considerably for those flying across continents.

Transatlantic Flights

Major European carriers like British Airways, Lufthansa, and Air France typically include at least one checked bag (23kg/50lbs) with standard economy fares on transatlantic routes. Premium economy passengers usually receive a more generous allowance of two bags.

Business and first-class travelers enjoy significantly better benefits with 2-3 checked bags weighing up to 32kg (70lbs) each. This represents substantial value compared to domestic flights within North America.

Some budget transatlantic carriers like Norse Atlantic and PLAY charge separately for checked baggage, often starting around $60-85 for the first bag when purchased online. These fees increase significantly if paid at the airport.

Loyalty program status makes a significant difference with transatlantic carriers. Star Alliance Gold members, for instance, receive an additional free checked bag on Lufthansa, regardless of ticket class.

Transpacific Flights

Asian carriers generally offer more generous baggage allowances than their American counterparts. Japan Airlines, ANA, Singapore Airlines, and Cathay Pacific typically include 2 checked bags (23kg/50lbs each) even with basic economy fares.

Premium cabins on transpacific routes provide exceptional value with allowances of 2-3 bags at 32kg (70lbs) each. Singapore Airlines and ANA are particularly generous with their first-class baggage policies.

Chinese carriers like China Eastern and China Southern also include free checked baggage but have recently implemented more restrictive weight limits. Their typical allowance is 23kg (50lbs) for economy and 32kg (70lbs) for business class.

Australian flights via Qantas include at least one 23kg bag for economy and two 32kg bags for business class on transpacific routes. Their points-based weight system differs from the piece-concept used by most North American carriers.

Intercontinental Services

Middle Eastern airlines like Emirates, Qatar Airways, and Etihad Airways operate with a weight-based system rather than counting pieces. Economy passengers typically receive 30kg (66lbs) total allowance, business class 40kg (88lbs), and first class up to 50kg (110lbs).

This weight-based approach offers flexibility for passengers to distribute their belongings across multiple bags without incurring additional fees, provided they stay within their total weight limit.

South American carriers such as LATAM and Avianca generally include at least one checked bag on intercontinental routes. LATAM allows 23kg (50lbs) in economy and 32kg (70lbs) in business class.

African airlines like Ethiopian and South African Airways typically offer generous baggage allowances, with most international economy tickets including two checked bags. This policy recognizes that many travelers on these routes often carry gifts and supplies for extended stays.

Comparison of Airlines' Baggage Policies

Baggage policies vary significantly across airlines, affecting both your travel budget and experience. Most major U.S. airlines now charge between $35-40 for a first checked bag on domestic flights, up from the average of $30 in previous years.

Economy vs. Premium Classes

The disparity between baggage allowances for economy and premium cabins is substantial across most carriers. Economy passengers typically pay around $35 for their first checked bag on domestic flights, with a second bag costing approximately $45. Weight limits are generally set at 50 pounds per bag, with size restrictions of 62 linear inches (length + width + height).

Premium cabin passengers (business and first class) enjoy more generous allowances. Most airlines offer 2-3 free checked bags for these travelers, with slightly higher weight allowances of 70 pounds per bag. Some international carriers like Emirates and Qatar Airways extend this benefit further, allowing up to 70-80 pounds per bag for premium passengers.

United, American, and Delta all follow similar premium class policies, though Southwest remains unique by offering two free checked bags to all passengers regardless of fare class.

Frequent Flyer Programs

Airline loyalty programs significantly impact baggage allowances and can provide substantial savings for regular travelers. Elite status members often receive complimentary checked baggage regardless of cabin class, with higher tiers enjoying more generous allowances.

Entry-level elite members typically receive one free checked bag, while top-tier elites may get three or more bags checked at no cost. These benefits frequently extend to travel companions on the same reservation.

Co-branded credit cards offer another path to baggage fee waivers. Most major airlines' credit cards include at least one free checked bag as a cardholder benefit. American Airlines' cards typically provide a free first bag for the cardholder and up to 4-8 companions, while Delta extends similar benefits to up to 8 companions on the same reservation.

Some programs also offer baggage fee credits or waivers through their point redemption systems, allowing members to use accumulated miles to cover baggage costs.

Excess Baggage Fees

Airlines impose additional charges when your luggage exceeds standard weight and size limitations. These fees vary significantly between carriers and can substantially increase your travel expenses if you're not prepared.

Overweight Luggage

Most airlines consider bags weighing over 50 pounds (23 kg) as overweight and apply extra fees. These charges typically start around $50 but can be much higher depending on the airline and how much the bag exceeds the limit.

For domestic flights within the United States, Delta Air Lines charges $100 for bags weighing between 51-70 pounds and $200 for bags between 71-100 pounds. Bags exceeding 100 pounds are generally not accepted as checked luggage for safety reasons.

American Airlines offers some relief to Business and Domestic First class passengers, who can check two bags up to 70 pounds at no extra cost. This represents significant savings for premium travelers.

It's worth noting that international flights often have different weight allowances and fee structures than domestic routes.

Oversized Items

Luggage is considered oversized when its combined dimensions (length + width + height) exceed the standard allowance, typically 62 inches (157 cm).

Oversized baggage fees can range from $100 to $200 or more depending on the carrier and how much the item exceeds size limitations. Some airlines may refuse extremely large items entirely.

Special sporting equipment like golf clubs, skis, and surfboards often fall into this category but may have specific policies and fees that differ from standard oversized luggage charges.

Many airlines charge both overweight and oversized fees if your bag exceeds both limitations, potentially doubling your excess baggage costs. For instance, a heavy golf bag could incur both penalties simultaneously.

Measuring your luggage before heading to the airport and checking specific airline policies can help avoid unexpected fees at check-in.

Special Item Fees

Airlines typically charge additional fees for transporting special items that require special handling or storage. These fees vary widely based on the type of item, its size, and the specific airline policy.

Sports Equipment

Most airlines have specific policies for transporting sports equipment. American Airlines classifies many sports items as standard checked baggage with regular fees up to 50 lbs/23 kgs, though oversize fees may not apply for certain equipment.

Golf clubs, skis, and snowboards typically incur standard checked baggage fees on many airlines. However, larger equipment like surfboards, bicycles, and scuba gear often face additional charges ranging from $50-$150 depending on the carrier.

Delta Air Lines allows passengers to fly with various sports equipment but may charge standard checked bag fees plus applicable oversize or overweight fees if the items exceed standard dimensions.

Some airlines offer waivers for certain sporting equipment. For example, many carriers don't charge oversize fees for golf bags, though weight restrictions still apply.

Musical Instruments

Musical instruments require special care during transport, and airlines have developed specific policies for them. Small instruments that fit under the seat or in overhead bins can typically be brought aboard as carry-on items at no extra charge.

Larger instruments like cellos may require purchasing an extra seat. Very large instruments such as double basses must travel as checked baggage with special handling fees.

Most airlines recommend using hard-shell cases for all musical instruments. Delta and American both offer options for transporting musical equipment with varying fee structures.

Weight and size restrictions still apply, with overweight charges starting around $100-$200 for instruments exceeding standard limits. Some airlines offer dedicated services for valuable instruments with additional insurance options.

Fragile and Valuable Items

Airlines generally discourage checking fragile or high-value items but provide options when necessary. Items like electronics, artwork, antiques, and jewelry may require special handling with additional fees.

Many carriers limit liability for damaged or lost valuable items. Passengers traveling with such items should review the airline's contract of carriage carefully before flying.

For oversized fragile items, airlines often charge both oversize fees ranging from $100-$200 and special handling fees. Delta Air Lines will not accept items larger than 80″ (203 cm) in linear dimensions.

Insurance options are available for valuable items, either through the airline or third-party providers. Most airlines recommend carrying irreplaceable or extremely valuable items in carry-on baggage whenever possible to minimize risk of damage or loss.

Avoiding Additional Baggage Fees

Travelers can significantly reduce or completely avoid checked baggage fees through strategic planning and airline selection. These tactics can save hundreds of dollars, especially for frequent flyers or families traveling together.

Packing Tips

Research baggage policies before booking your flight to avoid surprise fees at check-in. Different airlines have different weight limits and restrictions.

Use a luggage scale before leaving home to ensure your bag doesn't exceed weight limits. Even being one pound over can trigger substantial fees.

Pack efficiently by rolling clothes instead of folding them and using packing cubes to maximize space. Consider the “bundle wrapping” technique to fit more items while reducing wrinkles.

Wear your heaviest items during the flight instead of packing them. A jacket with multiple pockets can also serve as extra storage for small, heavy items.

Gate-check your bag when flights are full. Airlines often offer free checked bags at the gate when overhead bin space becomes limited.

Choosing the Right Airline

Select airlines with generous baggage allowances like Southwest, which offers two free checked bags per passenger. This policy alone can save a family of four over $200 round-trip.

Consider booking premium cabins when prices are reasonable. First and business class tickets typically include checked baggage allowances.

Apply for airline-specific credit cards that offer free checked bags as a perk. These cards often pay for themselves after just a few flights.

Join airline loyalty programs and achieve elite status to receive free or discounted baggage benefits. Even entry-level status often includes one complimentary checked bag.

Look for budget airlines that offer bundled fares. Sometimes paying slightly more for a bundle with included baggage is cheaper than adding bags separately.

Navigating Baggage Fees with Travel Insurance

Travel insurance can serve as a valuable safeguard against unexpected baggage fees and losses when flying. Many policies offer specific protections related to luggage that airlines might not provide automatically.

Insurance Coverage Options

Most comprehensive travel insurance plans include baggage coverage, but the specifics vary significantly between providers. Standard policies typically cover lost, stolen, or damaged luggage up to a predetermined amount, usually between $500-$3,000 depending on the plan.

Some premium plans also include reimbursement for checked bag fees if your baggage is significantly delayed (often 12+ hours). This recent development offers travelers additional financial protection.

Travel insurance generally costs 4%-10% of your total prepaid, nonrefundable trip cost. When selecting a policy, pay special attention to:

• Baggage delay coverage – Provides funds for essential items while waiting
• Maximum per-item limits – Often lower for electronics or jewelry
• Exclusions – Many policies won't cover fragile items or certain valuables

Claim Process for Lost or Damaged Baggage

Filing a successful baggage claim requires prompt action and proper documentation. Immediately report any baggage issues to airline staff before leaving the airport and obtain a Property Irregularity Report (PIR) with a reference number.

Most insurers require:

1. Completed claim form
2. Copy of your flight itinerary
3. PIR from the airline
4. Original purchase receipts for lost items (when available)
5. Photos of damaged luggage

Keep all documentation related to replacement purchases for delayed baggage. Insurance companies typically process claims within 15-30 business days after receiving complete documentation.

Be aware that insurers expect you to first pursue compensation from the airline before filing with them, as travel insurance generally functions as secondary coverage in these situations.

Recent Changes in Baggage Fee Policies

Airline baggage policies have undergone significant transformations recently, with major carriers adjusting their fee structures due to economic pressures and environmental considerations.

Policy Amendments Due to COVID-19

During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, many airlines temporarily relaxed their baggage fee policies to accommodate changing travel patterns. Delta, American, and United all implemented more flexible change and cancellation policies, which indirectly affected baggage fee enforcement.

As travel resumed, most carriers reinstated their original fee structures, but with some modifications. Change fee eliminations became permanent at several major airlines, though baggage fees generally returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2023.

The most notable recent change comes from Southwest Airlines, which is ending its free checked bags policy for most passengers starting May 28, 2025. This marks a significant departure from the carrier's 54-year-old policy that had been a key differentiator in the market.

Sustainability and Environmental Concerns

Airlines have begun incorporating sustainability considerations into their baggage policies, with some carriers implementing weight-based pricing models to discourage overpacking. This approach aims to reduce fuel consumption and associated emissions.

Several European airlines now offer discounts to passengers traveling with less luggage. For example, Lufthansa and Air France have introduced “light” fare options with no checked baggage allowance, incentivizing travelers to pack minimally.

Carbon offset programs linked to baggage have emerged as well. JetBlue and Alaska Airlines have experimented with optional surcharges that fund environmental initiatives based on the carbon footprint of transporting extra baggage.

Industry analysts predict more carriers will adopt tiered baggage pricing systems that reward lighter packing while charging premium rates for heavier items, balancing revenue needs with growing environmental consciousness.

Airline Baggage Fee Agreements and Alliances

Navigating baggage fees becomes more complex when traveling across multiple airlines or within airline alliances. Different agreements between carriers can significantly impact what you'll pay for checked luggage and how many bags you're allowed to bring.

Code-Share Flights

When booking code-share flights (where one airline markets a flight operated by another carrier), baggage policies can be confusing. Generally, the marketing carrier's baggage allowance applies when you check in. For example, if you book through American Airlines for a flight operated by British Airways, American's baggage policy typically governs your allowance and fees.

However, exceptions exist. Some airlines explicitly state that the operating carrier's rules apply regardless of which airline sold the ticket. This distinction can mean a difference of $20-30 per bag or completely different weight allowances.

Always verify the baggage policy when purchasing code-share tickets by:

• Checking both airlines' websites
• Confirming during booking
• Contacting customer service for clarification

Global Airline Alliances

The three major global alliances—Star Alliance, OneWorld, and SkyTeam—offer baggage benefits to frequent flyers and elite status members. These benefits often include increased baggage allowances and waived fees when flying with any member airline within the alliance.

Elite status with one airline typically grants similar baggage privileges when flying partner airlines. For example, Star Alliance Gold members receive an additional free checked bag on most member airlines regardless of which carrier they hold status with.

Alliance benefits vary by tier level and specific airline partnerships. Some alliances maintain standardized policies, while others allow member airlines to set their own rules within general guidelines.

Premium cabin passengers (business/first class) generally receive more generous allowances across alliance partners compared to economy travelers.

Customer Rights and Advocacy

Travelers facing baggage fee issues have legal protections through government agencies and airline policies. Understanding these rights can help passengers navigate disputes and potentially recover unfair charges.

Regulatory Bodies and Guidelines

The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) oversees airline practices through its Office of Aviation Consumer Protection, which monitors complaints and identifies concerning trends in the industry. This office enforces regulations requiring airlines to disclose baggage fees transparently.

Recently, the DOT attempted to implement a rule requiring airlines to disclose fees for checked bags, carry-ons, and flight changes upfront, but a court temporarily blocked this measure. The rule would have provided consumers with clearer price information before purchase.

Consumer advocacy groups, such as Consumer Action, support legislation like the FAIR Fees Act, which aims to curb excessive airline fees for baggage, cancellations, and changes. These organizations work to ensure fees remain reasonable and proportional to the services provided.

Dispute Resolution and Refunds

When incorrectly charged for baggage, passengers should first contact the airline's customer service with documentation of fee waiver eligibility. For example, customers have reported being charged $80 for bags that should have been free due to loyalty status or credit card benefits.

If direct communication fails, passengers can:

• File a formal complaint with the airline's customer relations department
• Submit a complaint to the DOT through their Aviation Consumer Protection website
• Dispute the charge with their credit card company if the fee violated stated policies

Airlines typically offer refunds for incorrectly applied fees, though the process may take several weeks. Policy changes, like Southwest Airlines' recent modification to their free baggage policy, often include exceptions for loyalty members and credit card holders.

Keeping documentation of fee waiver eligibility, including screenshots of airline policies and loyalty status, strengthens a passenger's position when disputing charges.